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Is the MK12 a ‘Recce’ Rifle?

Remember kids, “Recce” is a task not a rifle.

That doesn’t stop the MK12, and the NSW Recce builds, from being the precursors to the modern state of the M4 and the progenitors of the variable optic and multilight multisight setups that are dominant today. The infantry rifle in the Marine Corps is what would once have been a ‘Recce’ or Designated Marksman or other precision type setup.

Is this Recce?

The Recce and MK12 were our serious forays into information gathering optics. While they helped you hit the target, the numbers don’t lie, they more so help the user see details on the target within the effective range of the platform to influence the target. Rifles, machine guns, and high explosives even aren’t solely about killing your enemy. They are about influencing the enemy’s behavior. If they’re maneuvering, you’re getting them to stop. If they’re not moving, you’re getting them to start. If you need them to move somewhere you make it so that is the only place they can move and so forth. Hits put enemies down but that isn’t the only influence someone can project with a well equipped rifle and the right information.

Rifles!

Optics!

Awesomeness.

Enjoy Josh and Henry’s video on the MK12’s speed run. I’m a MOD1 guy myself, the Knight’s free float quad is just my kind of jam.

Thanks reddit, this is nice.

In the Hunt: Patience

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“Fight your way to your rifle!”

Use your handgun to fight, not to fight your way to a long gun. 

I don’t start arguments with folks who have different backgrounds. My own background is  a combination of police service and industrial security with a bit of instruction and academic teaching.  My education is strong on legal issues- my degree says Criminal Justice, the first year the program changed from Police Science.

I find myself a good researcher. I worked for many years in a high crime area among a population that did- and still does- stupid violent things for little reason we understand.

I have no military experience. When I say I saw something it may mean I arrived just after the shots were fired and the body was still pumping blood. If I have learned anything it is that in order to save your life you need to shoot quickly and accurately. You must have enough gun.

The single greatest predictor of survival is past training. 

That said, some pretty ridiculous statements are seen often enough to demand comment. One that I have singled out is the truism ‘A HANGUN IS ONLY GOOD FOR FIGHTING YOUR WAY TO A LONG GUN’.

On Instruction and Learning

Some of the finest instructors are military men. I have heard them say that a handgun is only good for shooting dogs. Well, we know that isn’t true but we also know what they are trying to say. Let’s look at this statement. 

There are problems of course. On the subject of instructors, the ones with military or police experience are head and shoulders the choice you should make. A select few have both types of experience. The others may know how to shoot, but when it comes to fighting they just don’t get it. They’ve never fought, they shoot. Also look at the student body those instructors teach, are they novices and the instructor is just the most experienced novice?

For God’s sake avoid the ones that make it easy for you. As an example my cousin, a retired school teacher who can shoot well, recently went through a concealed carry class. The instructor allowed students to qualify with his personal .22 caliber pistol with a red dot mounted. He stood behind them with his hands bracing the student. There are poor driving instructors as well. So, find an instructor you can actually learn from. Not just someone who has been to a lot of schools. That is the background you need. I hope you don’t want the paper and not the knowledge! 

‘Get to the Rifle’

Next, let’s look at that statement. Few of us have a long gun close enough to fight our way to when out about our daily business, in the workplace, or when traveling. So we don’t have the option.

In the home if the ball goes up I have a handgun on me at all times. Just too much crazy stuff in the world! Just the same if time is on my side I would unlock the shotgun. I probably won’t have that option realistically. Having faced armed men I know that these things come at you like a car wreck. It happens in the space of a few seconds.

Soldiers in harm’s way are in more danger on duty than I ever was in police work and are armed with serious long guns to complete their mission. They also have air support, high explosives, a squad, belt-fed machine guns, and all manner of more serious tools than just their personal rifle. The handgun is very much secondary in that context. As a peace officer I usually had a shotgun in the trunk and sometimes a rifle. In 23 years I never broke out the long gun. Handguns are a reactive weapon. The long gun was secondary or special circumstance.

Comparing a handgun to a rifle – a good handgun against a good rifle- is similar to comparing a Mini Cooper to a Dodge Ram. They just don’t do the same thing. The difference in power and accuracy is no small thing. Most students in my CWP classes are not very accurate past ten yards with their handguns.  A good shot with a rifle may make hits to any distance they can see the target. In personal defense the rifle is useful well past 100 yards.

That would be an unusual event.

The value of a rifle is in its three point attachment to the body and greater fit, feel, and natural handling. Wound potential is several times that of a good pistol caliber.  The pistol is much more difficult to master. The military does not not waste much time on handguns as their use is limited to a badge of office, to direct troops, and to guard prisoners. Those troops also tend to get more specialized time on those guns.

Just the same we like to have something on our hip. While I have strong preferences in handguns and calibers I realize that the ‘weak .38’ and ‘strong .45’ are much more alike than they differ compared to a .223 or .308 rifle.

A handgun is designed to allow the shooter to take control of a bad situation, or escape. Remember the car wreck? Situational awareness allows us to avoid trouble or be better prepared. If we see the truck turning in front of us we may take a detour from danger, change lanes, take the median or the shoulder, pop the curb if needed. If we see something amiss ahead of us on the street we may duck out of danger. If we don’t see it coming then we have to fight it.

The presentation moving to a solid firing position and getting a solid first shot hit are everything. Thinking about fighting your way to a long gun just isn’t part of the answer. It doesn’t solve your problem.

Pick your emergency tool

It is advisable to deploy a reliable handgun. There are plenty of bargain basement pistols. You must decide what your life is worth. A solid firearm (SIG, Beretta, CZ, Glock, as examples) will last for many years and provide reliable service.  A cheap copy of a major maker’s handgun means corners have been cut somewhere.

This is false economy. While a good man with a modest firearm may work with a rifle or shotgun you should purchase the best possible handgun. The realistic minimum caliber is the 9mm or a .38 Special. With a quality expanding bullet loading the 9mm offers modest recoil, good accuracy, and acceptable wound potential. The .45 ACP is better if you are willing to master the greater recoil and practice demands, you sacrifice capacity is all. In a fight, a modest but reliable rifle or shotgun will absolutely smoke any premium handgun. But again, access to a gun in the emergency is what matters and which is going to be with you?

A falsehood spread by some who should know better is that all handgun calibers are the same. After decades of unrealistic agonizing in the popular press over minute details in performance I suppose this is a push back. I have collected shooting reports and histories for decades. I am most interested in the tactics used and how humans reacted psychologically to shootings. 

Ammunition performance is very interesting I admit. Some calibers are worthless per my conclusions. As an example I have on file several incidents in which the .22 LR failed miserably. The .32 ACP and .380 ACP seem no better. On the flip side of the coin I have an even half dozen reports with the .22 Long Rifle fired from a rifle. While there is a 200 fps advantage in velocity that doesn’t completely explain that the .22 fired from a rifle was effective with a single shot in all six instances, with four fatalities.

Empirical vs theory

I have quite a few incidents on file in which six .22s were fired from a handgun, and one in which nine were fired, all hits. They had little effect. In one case a fellow took six .22s in the center chest, killed two people with a shotgun, and recovered to stand trial. The answer is shot placement. The .22 is quite easy to aim quickly and get hits with. The deficit in power is obvious, especially with just any old ammunition. There have been quite a few spurious claims in so called stopping power studies. If the events occurred at all which I gravely doubt the methodology is hopelessly bankrupt. Statistics, according to Colonel Cooper, are often used by rascals to impress fools. There was even a report circulated in the popular press in which drugged goats were supposedly shot under controlled conditions! To believe in such things is to believe in elves, Fairies, and Little Green Men. The test of science is that it is repeatable and verifiable. This rubbish wasn’t. There isn’t such a debate concerning rifle cartridges. At ranges inside of 100 yards the .223 offers excellent effect.  The .308 more so and at longer range.  No debate there. 

So we have a firearm that is inferior to the rifle, no argument, but which we may carry not just on the hip but which we may actually reasonably conceal and reasonably carry consistently. The pistol may be presented quickly to face danger and in trained hands offer a reasonable defense against lethal attack. I am not going to send rounds flying wildly, or attempt suppressive fire, or any of the like in order to fight my way to a long gun that may or may not be available.

In fact if you are able to fight your way out of a situation it would be unwise to re-up with a more powerful weapon and return! You’re already out of danger! Stay that way! The handgun is one thing, the long gun another, and do not be confused concerning their roles or their availability.  

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UC San Diego States the Obvious

URG-I M4(Gery)

Many Firearm Buyers and Sellers do not Comply with Assault Weapons Bans

New UC San Diego research suggests that gun laws would gain more compliance if they were enforced

There it is, readers, the dumbest smart thing you will likely read today. It is time for yet another fisking of an article.

UC San Diego is apparently publishing a paper this month that says more people comply with laws that are enforced. Duh. They also state that people don’t comply with rules that aren’t enforced. Again, kinda obvious. We can’t get people to comply with speed limits and prohibition has never succeeded in history, but UCSD wants to tell us what they think would happen if another Federal Assault Weapons Ban were to be passed into effect.

Newswise — With the number of mass killings by firearms rapidly increasing from 270 in 2014 to 693 in 2021, President Biden recently called for the reinstatement of the federal assault weapons ban as a way to curtail gun violence…

That’s easy to say when you softly continue to loosen the definition of mass killing to include pretty much anything beyond double homicide. This from the far more stringent definitions of MAPS attacks and other events we consider mass shootings. Every driveby, gang shootout, domestic double homicide, and so forth are now all mass shootings.

And what causes mass shootings? It must be ‘Assault Weapons’ because that is what is being banned in response.

But how effective are weapons bans and will the market comply with them? For decades, the issue has been understudied due to unreliable data, but new research from the University of California San Diego’s Rady School of Management provides insights into what might happen if new federal assault weapon restrictions were put into place.

I think we have a several perfect examples of compliance right now. How many mass shootings have happened in California with prohibited weapons? How many mass killings have happened with non-prohibited weapon types even if prohibited ones were available? Are there any significant disparity in the lethality of these events when the determined shooter still had targets?

I’ll save you the trouble. There isn’t. There is no causative data that suggests the lethality of a mass shooting event is determined by the weapon being semi-auto and magazine fed. That the ability to ‘reload’ and ‘fire rapidly’ increased the body count where something comparatively slow firing, like a pump shotgun (been used in mass killing), or a bolt action (also been used in mass killing), or even a .22 pistol with a limited 10 round magazine (yep, you guessed it, been used in mass killing) would not have been.

Until Las Vegas and Orlando, a .22 pistol and a 9mm pistol with a single perpetrator was the worst shooting spree in American history. Compare that to the North Hollywood shootout where there were only two deaths, the bank robbers. Those two men had fully automatic weapons, and drastically outgunned the officers responding at the time, and fired over 1,100 rounds.

“But Keith, they were trying to rob a bank…”

So you’re telling me that the motivation, opportunity, and availability or lack of opposing force matter more than the weapons? Noted.

paper to be published in the March issue of the Journal of Empirical Legal Studies assessed the impacts of the 2016 Massachusetts Assault Weapons Ban Enforcement Notice. Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey issued the Enforcement Notice to clarify that new sales of AR-style rifles—millions of which had been sold in the state—would be considered illegal under the state’s Assault Weapons Ban.

It has worked out so well in California.

Unique to the UC San Diego study is its analysis of data on firearm sales and licenses, which are difficult to obtain in jurisdictions across the country. The paper finds that within five days of the Massachusetts Enforcement Notice’s announcement, assault rifle sales increased by 560 percent (up by 1,349). However, they were 64 to 66 percent lower in 2017 than in comparable earlier periods, indicating that the Enforcement Notice reduced assault weapon sales in the long run, but also that many banned weapons continued to be sold. In Massachusetts, similar to laws in Washington and Colorado, compliance from gun dealers and manufacturers is voluntary with no recourse from law enforcement officials with respect to prohibited weapons.

Voluntary? I am pretty certain that a dealer gets in hot water for selling prohibited firearms. I can’t just start selling post-86 automatics and tell the ATF and MSP that my compliance was voluntary. However, if firearms are ‘Grandfathered’ (and can be bought and sold as such) then they aren’t non-compliant with the law. Also firearms that are in violation ‘in spirit’ don’t count, that isn’t how law works.

That’s as dishonest as saying all these darn corporations are taking the tax incentives they were offered so they aren’t paying their fair share. You literally made the rule, but you are mad they are following it because you wanted the rule to be different.

Sorry, my dude.

“Our research suggests new firearm restrictions require enforcement to gain full compliance,” said Kenneth C. Wilbur, professor of marketing and analytics at the Rady School and co-author of the study. “If the market complied fully with the Enforcement Notice, then assault rifle sales should have been zero in 2017. The data clearly show that not all firearm sellers and buyers complied with firearm restrictions. In fact, they directly reported their own noncompliance to the state government.”

If everyone followed the speed limit than nobody would speed either. If nobody drink and then drove then there would be no drinking and driving. Brilliant, Professor Wilbur, absolutely groundbreaking stuff right there. Also, full compliance is delightful fantasy. Good luck with that.

Wilbur and co-author Meenakshi Balakrishna, a PhD candidate in quantitative marketing at Rady, point out that the Enforcement Notice was intended to close an important loophole in the initial Massachusetts assault weapons ban first instated in 1998. It outlawed copies or duplicates of banned assault rifles that facilitate rapid firing and rapid reloading, such as the Colt AR-15 and the Kalishnikov AK-47.

Good luck, with that definition you just have to invent a new rifle (which happens yearly) and it just must be declared a copy or duplicate. Good luck, especially if it isn’t a copy or duplicate. Just good friggin’ luck.

“After the 1994 federal assault weapon ban was enacted, gun manufacturers quickly introduced minor variations on the specific firearm products named in the ban, thereby apparently skirting the ‘copies and duplicates’ restriction,” Wilbur and Balakrishna write. “AR-style rifles today are extremely popular—an estimated 1 to 2 million AR-style rifles were manufactured in 2016 with up to 15 million in circulation.”

That has now surpassed 20 million. So the ban didn’t work, or stick, when the number was estimated at 400,000 in circulation but we’re speculating about what full compliance would look like with 20,000,000+ units in circulation and “F*ck the Feds!” sentiment at a pretty spicy level?

Okay…

Another important takeaway from the Massachusetts law, which was announced by the state’s Attorney General seemingly without warning, nor debate, was how it immediately prompted a spike in sales of the very guns it outlawed. “The Massachusetts Enforcement Notice was seen as a surprise,” Wilbur said.  “Our research suggests that if a politician or a regulatory body wants to restrict weapons, they should design both their policy changes and their communications about their policy changes very carefully.”

Another brilliant piece of wisdom that gun controllers can’t follow. Why? Because the more you try and ban only the ‘bad’ guns the more you cannot. ‘Very Carefully’ is never going to get the bad firearms that allegedly are the problem in mass shootings when rifles account for a super minority of firearm homicide deaths every year. That means most mass killings are still perpetrated by the small, cheap, and convenient handgun.

He added, “We see a direct correspondence in increased gun sales following mass shootings. Most of that is probably driven by purchaser concern about new weapon restrictions. Manufacturers both benefit from those concerns and actively promote them. Policymakers also need to be proactive in communicating their message on the topic clearly to constituents.”

Again, they can’t. There is no good way to communicate, ” Hey, we are taking away your rights that we don’t agree with for a really stupid and indefensible reason.” You can’t communicate, “We’re totally just banning the bad guns, guys.” when there is no agreement, even on the pro-ban side, on what those are and the concept makes no sense to the learned in firearms.

Clear communication isn’t the problem, it is that this is clearly a terrible and ineffectual idea. We understand what gun banners want to do, to well, that’s why the obfuscatory ignorance doesn’t work nearly as well as it did in the 90’s.

This research also has implications for firearm data collection and provision. The data for the study were obtained through the authors filing a Freedom of Information Act request with the Massachusetts Department of Criminal Justice Information Services. However, they note this information could be made public while preserving privacy information.

Well that’s good, I suppose. Wouldn’t want another repeat of the New York incident where a newspaper just published gun owners’ addresses across a whole county for “public safety” because damn the consequences. We wouldn’t want gun owners to believe they’re any more noble than child predators and sex offenders now would we? We should treat them the same. Put them on lists.

Again, communication isn’t the issue here. This isn’t a failure to communicate, it is a fundamental disagreement on policy where to policy suggesting side cannot fathom the concept that they are wrong.

The study was made possible because the Massachusetts Department of Criminal Justice complied with the public records requests. Similar requests were filed in California. However, the state’s information services department did not comply with the academic researchers’ request for more detailed access to the state’s aggregated firearm registration data.

“More and better scientific analyses will become possible if more jurisdictions collect and disseminate privacy-compliant firearm sales data,” they said. “This can be done at the state, county, city or even retailer level. Just as data on the spread of COVID has been critical to shaping policies during the pandemic, we need more and better firearm research if we hope to have evidence-based firearm policy.”

SEE ORIGINAL STUDY

That’s the problem. Evidenced based firearms policy is pipedream. Everyone says they want it and then discards any evidence against their pet solution to the problem. Pro-firearm groups and individuals have no basis to trust the results put forward from these researchers when they over and over again prove their bias. They over and over again prove they are unwilling to acknowledge the complexity of violence and will cherry pick their survey and data collection to correlate to the result they want.

It’s as asinine as, ‘study shows that people wounded by gunfire have a negative opinion of the experience’ or ‘study shows that people hit by gunfire are injured and sometimes killed’. We’re back to, “Duh!” in the execution of information gathering. We like to pretend there are no stupid questions but we all know that’s a platitude to try and get people over their fear of sounding stupid in their pursuit of information and not a statement of fact.

Because there are stupid, stupid, stupid questions asked every day, in every space, about every topic, and sometimes equally stupid answers are delivered with the confidence that can only be carried by total blissful ignorance of the facts involved. Violence is complicated because people are complicated.

It disheartens me every time we go down this path of inquiry because as often as we call this a ‘medical problem’ and tag it with terms like epidemic. We sure as hell don’t treat it like it. We don’t treat traffic injuries like this.

Imagine if a doctor came onto a podium speaking of the horrific disfiguring injuries caused by roadways, one in particular being road rash from bike riders hitting the pavement. Their solution is remove gravel roads since the roadway was the device of injury. Or better yet the solution was pave all the gravel roads, since paved roads are ‘safer’ and less likely to imbed gravel into the skin. Now if you currently live on a gravel road, it is grandfathered in but we place the burden on removing the gravel roads and driveways solely the purview of the people living on them as they change property ownership. All while those owners and prospective owners point out all the other methods of traffic injury and the reasons their roads aren’t any seriously greater risk than other roads, but the doctor is telling them it is for everyone’s safety and we would finally be tackling the problem of traffic related injuries seriously.

Would that seem a little intellectually dishonest? Short sighted? Ignoring inconvenient data because we must ‘do something’ about this?

That is the fight firearm advocates face every day. A nonsensical wish campaign where everything would be a-ok if everyone would just behave exactly as they should and never do anything risky ever. Utopia fallacy at its finest.

We are tired of seeing it tied into academia and places where empirical information should matter. We are tired of being taken a piss upon, to borrow the english slang, and then expected to call it rain.

Understanding Body Armor

body armor meme

Body armor, the stuff of myth and legend. With companies coming out with increasingly more affordable options, the civilian demand for what was once reserved for military and law enforcement (mostly due to price) has never been higher.

Unfortunately, there are many myths associated with armor plates. Some of these are perpetuated by shady marketing techniques, others by misinformed “experts”. My goal over the next few paragraphs is to help the beginner navigate the world of ballistic armor.

Level Up

There are generally 4 different levels of body armor. The NIJ.07 revision isn’t implemented yet, so these terms will be sticking around for awhile. They are IIA, IIIA, III, and IV.

So what will each of these stop? Let’s dive a bit deeper into how these levels are determined.

National Institute of Justice Testing

When purchasing body armor, typically we will see that the plate is either NIJ Standard-0101.06 Compliant or NIJ Standard-0101.06 Certified.

What do these mean?

The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Standard-0101.06 establishes the minimum performance requirements and testing standards for ballistic resistance. Essentially, what this means is they have created standards that each “level” of armor must meet along with the way in which these plates are to be tested. It is excruciatingly detailed.

If a manufacturer lists their product as compliant that typically means that they, or a third party, have tested the plates to one of the standards of the NIJ. NIJ Certified means that the manufacturer has sent their plates to the NIJ to be tested in their facility using their strict methods. The NIJ lists all compliant products on their website.

So, which is better, certified or compliant?

Most of the time I recommend getting a certified plate. This ensures that the plate has been tested to the industry standard in laboratory conditions. With that being said, some of the best plates on the market are only NIJ compliant, not pursuing one of the non ballistic tests such as the “drop” test or emersion test. If you opt to go with a compliant plate over a certified, I recommend doing your research and buying from a reputable company. Not all compliant plates are trash, some perform even better than the most expensive certified plates, but resist the urge to get your Wish.com plates ladies and gentleman.

Editor’s Note: An example of a reputable non-certified plate would be HESCO’s 4800LV Special Threat. They are not a NIJ Certified Plate, nor are they designed to be. They are very transparent about the deviations from and exceeding of NIJ standards and listing the ‘whys?’ supporting those variations.

Think of an NIJ Certification like the M4 Rifle, or FN Military Collector’s Edition M4 of their FN 15. It is a known, high quality standard that can be relied upon to perform, it’s TDP (Technical Data Package) can be counted upon as a baseline. But FN also has the NRCH SCAR Series and Tactical Carbine, TAC II, and now TAC3 Series, which are all extremely well built and have features arguably better than the M4. But they don’t meet the M4’s standards, or the original SCAR Mk16/Mk17. They are not designed to meet those standards. They are designed, in many instances, to exceed them. Different parts and materials are selected to produce a differing, improved result. These different selections, a nitrided part instead of phosphate for example, put the rifle outside the certified standard. This is matching or exceeding that standard’s performance requirement, where relevant, and disregarding it where it is irrelevant. An example of irrelevant would be the NRCH SCAR not adhering to the TDP requirements of the Mk16/Mk17’s reciprocating charging handle, which is entirely the point of the NRCH variants.

What does this mean for armor plate certification?

It means that so long as you can see the tests and standards a certification is simply the NIJ baseline, what you are looking for are protocols that meet or exceed the standard and fit any additional requirements you have.

Level IIA

Level IIA plates are generally soft plates rated to stop up to a .40 S&W, although they are tested with a 9mm round as well. These plates are generally light and flexible and good for police officers who place mobility and weight savings over threat protection. They are tested against standard service sidearms, as those are what are most likely to be used to shoot the officer wearing the vest.

Level II

Level II plates are generally soft plates rated to stop up to a .357 Magnum and also tested with a 9mm round. Again, these are light, flexible, and commonly used in law enforcement or low visibility armor.

Level IIIA

Level IIIA armor is rated to stop up to a .44 Magnum round and also tested with a .357 SIG. Again, this armor is generally used by law enforcement department looking for weight savings while still gaining threat stopping capabilities. Many ballistic rated helmets also meet level IIIA criteria. These are also often rated for buckshot and shotgun slug. This is the highest rating of soft armor currently in general circulation, though a couple of companies are trying to make a soft III.

Level III

Level III armor is where we begin to see rifle threats being tested. This armor is generally hard armor plates and is rated to stop a 7.62mm steel jacketed bullet, also specifically tested against NATO’s M80 ball round. This armor is generally significantly heavier than the lesser rated armor.

Level IV

Lever IV armor is a hard armor rated to stop a .30 caliber armor piercing bullet, specifically the military’s M2 AP round. This is the highest rating a ballistic plate can achieve through NIJ certification. The plates are generally heavy and expensive. They are required to stop one M2 AP to be certified, although manufacturers can request multi-hit testing.

Special Threat Testing

As a caveat, manufacturers can also request a special threat rating. This is where the manufacturer designates another cartridge they would like their plate to be certified to stop. This is commonly seen with the 5.56mm NATO cartridge in level III plates. While the level III plates will stop a common .308, they are not rated for M855/SS109 and some will not stop M193 at full velocity out of a 20″ barreled rifle.

Steel VS Ceramic VS Composite

With companies selling steel plates at extremely affordable rates, sometimes as low as $60, why don’t more police departments utilize them? Budgets are a definite thing on departments.

One, these plates are very heavy. Like 8-12 pounds heavy. Per plate. Compare this with ceramic plates in the 5 pound range and composite plates in the 3-4 pound range.

Steel plates also have another rather substantial downside. When a bullet strikes these plates, it fragments. This fragmentation has been known to cause life-ending lacerations to the face and neck. Kind of counterproductive to a product that is meant to save your life. Companies have added coatings that are meant to limit this effect, how effective they are is up to interpretation. Do your research on these.

So if steel plates are out of the question, let’s discuss composite vs ceramic. Composite plates are generally very light. Were talking about the 2-4 pound range. This is pretty significant when ceramic plates generally run in the 4-6 pound range. Composite plates can also stop multiple bullets in the same place without cracking, deflecting, or otherwise reducing its effectiveness. The downside? Composite plates are generally very expensive, at least the quality ones. They also tend to be limited to a III rating. Great for use near water as many of these plates are also buoyant, the plates (on their own) float and won’t drag a wearer down nearly as much.

Ceramic plates will generally stop multiple rounds (although this is not required by NIJ testing for M2 AP, unless specifically requested by the manufacturer), but each round reduces the effectiveness until the plate ultimately fails. Companies like Hoplite sell ceramic level IV plates for around $400, an affordable price for most of us. These plates are a bit heavier than composite plates but far lighter than steel (and more effective).

NOTE: Steel plates are designed to work by being ‘tougher’ than the round and the energy it is delivering, they break the incoming round and deflect the energy. The ‘AR’ in AR500 or AR550 steel means abrasion resistant. If the round has the energy to pass through the steel, it will. Ceramic and composite armors work by catching the round at the impact point, not breaking it or deflecting it.

The Wrap-Up

I know I am throwing a lot of information at you. If you are anything like me, you saw the numbers and skipped right past them. So what am I trying to tell you, the readers?

Steel plates are not very good unless it is all you can afford. Level IIIA plates are generally the highest rated soft armor you can buy. Level IV are the highest rated certified hard armor you can buy. If you are buying plates, ensure that they are NIJ Standard-0101.06 certified instead of compliant, unless you know the specific variances you are looking for. If you have any doubts, the NIJ website lists all certified plates.

Navigate the body armor world in confidence now, my friends. Knowledge is power. Ask the right questions, learn the right answers.

Ultradyne C4 sights – Popping Off

Folding iron sights isn’t something a lot of us spend a lot of time thinking about. Pop ’em on, zero them, and you might likely never need them again. Optics have never been tougher and never been more prevalent than now. Folding sights, often called BUIS or backup iron sights, come from a variety of companies, but Ultradyne might make the best folding sights on the planet. Today we are taking a peek at the Ultradyne C4 iron sights and explaining why they might be the best iron sights you’ve ever heard of.

Breaking Down the Ultradyne C4 Sights

The Ultradyne C4 sights look pretty stock standard for BUIS. It’s not until you take a closer look at the Ultradyne C4 sights that you realize that these are something entirely different. Before we dive into anything too crazy, let’s examine the sights themselves. They aren’t polymer, made from steel instead. The front sight is made from 416 stainless steel, and the rear sight is made from 4140 CrMo steel, and both have a salt nitride finish.

The rear sight has an interesting design that’s not too wild. The rear sight is a threaded ghost ring with a .70 insert. You can remove the insert to have a massively wide rear sight, or you can purchase a .50 insert that provides a tighter, more precise sight picture. Ultradyne equipped the rear sight with a BDC set for a 55-grain projectile moving at 3,200 FPS.

A dial allows you to adjust the settings from 200 to 600 yards that coincide with that zero. Obviously, different barrel lengths, projectile weights, and calibers will change the maximum range, but zeroing it for any caliber won’t be a huge issue.

The front sight is where things get a little crazy. How crazy can sights be? Well, what if we replaced your normal front sight post with another aperture? Yep, the front sight also has a hole through it. This concentric iron sight setup allows you to look through two apertures to see your target while aiming at it. The front sight can be adjusted for elevation like any other front sight, but also for windage to ensure the apertures remain concentric.

That Crazy Front Sight

The aperture included with your front sight is a simple 12 MOA aperture. You can go tighter or wider depending on your task. Obviously, you can also use a simple blade front sight post. However, you can also dial in an 8 MOA, 10 MOA, or even 14 MOA front sight.

Tighter apertures make it easier to dial for superior accuracy, whereas the larger aperture gives you speed. 12 MOA seemed just right for me. I still prefer optics over iron sights, and if I switch to iron sights, it’s likely within a few hundred yards. I also know my limits and skills, and that guides most of my choices.

Editor’s Note: For reference, the M4A1’s (14.5″ barrel, carbine gas system, standard front sight gas block) front sight is about 16 MOA wide, and you can’t see through it. The M16 (20″ Barrel, rifle length gas system, standard front sight gas block) is about 11 MOA covering 19 inches at 150m.

Does It Make a Difference?

The Ultradyne C4 sight setup is brilliant. It’s super easy to use, easy to zero, and very well made. These aren’t just some gimmicky set of sights with a fancy trick. They are extremely well made. Adjustments are easy to make. They fold easily enough and flip-up easily and quickly. If they were just standard iron sights, I’d already be impressed.

However, that little extra pushes them right over the edge. The concentric apertures work brilliantly. With proper alignment and zeroing, they allow you to easily engage at a wide variety of ranges. One of the big benefits of red dots is target focus. Target focus allows you to watch your threat instead of focusing on the front sight. Target focus grants better situational awareness.

The C4 sights are the only iron sights that I know of that allow you to have more target focus. Line up the sights, and you can watch the target. As long as your circles fall onto the target, you know you’ll hit that target. This makes quick, close quarters shooting rapid and easy to accomplish. Is it as fast as a red dot?

Well, not quite, but it’s a fair bit faster than standard iron sights. In fact, the only set of iron sights that might be faster than the Ultradyne C4 sights is a shotgun bead.

What About Longer Ranges?

The big and quick adjustments make it easy to adjust for longer ranges, and that’s a huge plus. You can dial up your range quickly, especially if you know your holds and engage easily enough. What I like is the ability to see through your front sight and actually see the target. Plenty of “I qual’d with iron sights’ guys know the pain of seeing a target at 500 yards with irons. The front sight mostly covers the target.

This isn’t an issue with the Ultradyne C4 sights. I can see through the front sight and see the target. At my 100 yard home range, a front sight won’t cover a man-sized target. However, at 100 yards, the iron sight would cover up a 4-inch gong, right?

Yep, so that was my target. I set up with a little bench a backpack for stability and sighted in on the small gong. It’s bright orange, and I could easily see it inside the front sight. I held it center, applied the best fundamentals I could, and heard more dings than not.

The gong moving and some slight impatience ensured I had a few misses. I had to slow down, wait for it to slow down before I hit it with follow-up shots. On man-sized targets, it’s stupid easy to put the aperture in the center of his chest and let loose at 100 yards in a standing, off-hand position.

Hell, it’s easy to transition rapidly from target to target at this range and engage with awesome precision. I did a drill where I shot the gong and rapidly transitioned from the gong to the man-sized target and performed a hammer pair to the chest.

The Ultradyne C4 Sights – In Living Color

The only real downside I found was shooting from a bright environment into a shaded environment limited the use of seeing through the aperture. However, in this situation, it still works as any standard iron sight would. It takes a real low-light situation to challenge the 12 MOA front sight, but I’d imagine the tighter models may be more sensitive to this effect.

Other than that, I can say these are the best iron sights I’ve ever used. The concentric apertures are ingenious and very easy to use at both close and long-range and grant a tough-to-beat sight picture. That’s not even mentioning how well they made are. It’s an impressive feat and a rock-solid set of iron sights. Check ’em out here.

GarandScience – Pistol Caliber Wars

Here is Mike’s video on 9mm vs .45 ACP in a tissue torso simulant. The Pistol Caliber Wars decided! For now…

Why?

Because caliber debates, like reliability debates, are fun at some level and can be done in manner that stimulates intellectual growth and betters understanding of how wounding science works.

That isn’t the comment section though. The comment section is the Between Lands, a space of angry pixels and dank commentary.

But wounding science and raw physics are always fun topics. The idea that one round is better than another. The various concepts that all go into what is needed for a disabling shot into somebody in order to stop them. Damage to the human form is a crazy and complex subject, as humans can be broken and stop working with seemingly innocuous superficial injuries or take an astonishing amount of punishment and keep going.

But before we go too far let’s look at another data point.

Greg Ellifritz’s study of incapacitations, spanning some 1700+ incidents, shows us another information point. While the video covers raw wounding power of an individual round per hit, not an insignificant point by any means, Gerg’s study shows us real world results over a wide range of calibers.

That result is telling. The major factors in winning a gunfight are…

  1. Have a gun
  2. Hit the other person(s) with one or more shots

In pistol calibers we aren’t talking about orders of magnitude more energy the way we do when discussing rifles. The wounding characteristics are best described as ‘enough’ or ‘adequate’ more than anything when it comes to handguns.

So, 9mm vs .45? Then, now, and still, shoot what you can hit with quickly and consistently with a good round in the chamber.

Fly Zone – Types of Waterfowl Blinds